Word Recognition is the place to start.Decoding or word identification is made up of being able to use sound-symbol relationships, sometimes called phonics or phonetic strategies. This is an important skill that is worth the time spent to master.
Word families- bat, cat, pat, sat, etc. are important and vowels will require special attention as it is those distinctions of short i and short e as is in pit and pet that can be frustrating throughout the reading and English acquisition process.
Sound blends such as st, fl, dr, sh, etc are an area of emphasis as are digraphs such as ch, ck, ph. These letters together form distinct sounds or phonemes.
Be sure to emphasize ending sounds as well as the more obvious beginning sounds. Listening for ending sounds is sometimes overlooked, yet it is very important.
We learn some sight words incidentally or in the course of everyday life. Certain words are just recognized by their appearance and ESL Adults can recognize and appear to "read" signs and advertisements, such as Brand Names such as NIKE, Pepsi,etc.
Here are some tips to promote the developing ESL Adult reader's identification of sight words:
- word games such as matching, "Concentration" and Bingo
- Word search games
- flashcards
- selection of emerging reader books with plenty of sight words
- picture dictionaries
- rhymes and entertaining poetry
Our English language is confusing with its many words and terms with multiple meanings. Be sure to work with ESL Adults on discerning these variations in meaning as well as going over homonyms, words that sound the same, but have different spellings and meanings.
Reading Comprehension
Reading comprehension is essential to the enjoyment of reading for pleasure and for understanding informational text. Several important skills contribute to higher levels of reading comprehension.
- using context clues
- ability to retell, summarize, or paraphrase what is read
- making inferences or drawing conclusions when certain information is not explicit
- sequencing events
- comparing and contrasting
In teaching English to adults whose native language is not English, it is important to teach word parts: prefixes, root words, suffixes, and derivations of words. When ESL Adult students know even the basics, the skill enables them to come close to knowing what, at first, is an unfamiliar word. For example, when even an elementary school student knows the psych- means mind and somato- means body, then they stand a chance of understanding what psychosomatic means, even in their later educational years.
Put reading in a context of real life
Reading across the curriculum and having teachers from different core subjects join forces on learning objectives is a powerful strategy. The ESL for Adults teacher who uses reading tasks from everyday life can demonstrate the value of continued mastery of the language.