Everyone takes in information, then uses it. Critical thinkers ask questions after the information is received, then they draw conclusions based on the answers before using the information. These questions are based on reason.
When you apply inductive reasoning, you move from the specific to the general. For instance, you might test 1,000 dogs and find they all have fleas. Your conclusion would be all dogs have fleas. While the conclusion might not be factual, you take a fact and draw a conclusion based on the information you have.
Deductive logic works from the general to specific or cause to effect. For example, my dog doesn't have fleas, so not all dogs have fleas.
These are steps in a process to develop better thinkers. You learn to distinguish fact from opinion and examine perspectives, according to "Keys to Effective Learning: Developing Powerful Habits of Mind" by Carol Carter et. al.
The goal is to create people who solve problems, make better decisions and plan strategically.