Mathematics:
* Calculus: This is almost always a core subject, covering differential and integral calculus, often in multiple semesters.
* Linear Algebra: Essential for many engineering disciplines, covering vectors, matrices, and linear transformations.
* Differential Equations: Covers methods for solving various types of differential equations, crucial for modeling dynamic systems.
* Numerical Methods: Introduces techniques for solving mathematical problems using numerical approximation, particularly important for computer-based solutions. Sometimes this is in a later year.
Physics:
* Engineering Physics: This often covers mechanics, thermodynamics, waves, optics, and sometimes modern physics. The focus is on applying physics principles to engineering problems.
Chemistry:
* Engineering Chemistry: Typically includes topics like chemical bonding, thermodynamics, electrochemistry, and material science, with applications relevant to engineering.
Basic Engineering Subjects:
* Engineering Drawing/Graphics: Teaches the fundamentals of technical drawing and computer-aided design (CAD) software.
* Workshop Practice/Lab: Hands-on experience with basic engineering tools and techniques. This might involve machining, welding, carpentry, etc., depending on the institution.
* Computer Programming: Usually an introductory course in a language like C, C++, Java, or Python. This is crucial for most engineering disciplines.
* Basic Electrical/Electronics Engineering: Fundamental concepts of circuits, electronics, and often some basic programming related to electronics.
* Communication Skills: Developing effective written and verbal communication skills.
Other Potential Subjects:
* Engineering Mechanics (Statics and Dynamics): Fundamental principles of forces, moments, equilibrium, and motion. Often split into Statics (first year) and Dynamics (second year).
* Introduction to Engineering Design: This could be a broad introduction to the design process, or it might be a more specific design course for your chosen branch.
* Environmental Studies: A growing trend is to include this as an introduction to environmental concerns related to engineering.
Important Note: This is a general overview. The specific subjects, their sequence, and the depth of coverage will vary significantly from one institution to another. You should consult the curriculum of the specific B.Tech program you're interested in for a precise list of first-year subjects.