- Reading, writing, and arithmetic: These were considered essential skills for all Roman citizens, regardless of their social status. Children typically began learning these subjects at around age 7, and their studies continued until they reached the age of 12 or 13.
- Grammar and rhetoric: These subjects were also important for all Roman citizens, as they were essential for public speaking and writing. Grammar focused on the structure and rules of the Latin language, while rhetoric taught students how to effectively express themselves in both oral and written form.
- Philosophy: Philosophy was a subject reserved for the children of wealthy and upper-class families. It was considered a higher form of education and covered a wide range of topics, including ethics, logic, and metaphysics.
- History and geography: These subjects were also primarily taught to the children of wealthy families. They learned about the history of the Roman Empire, as well as the geography of the known world.
- Physical education: Physical education was an important part of Roman education, and it was believed that a healthy body was essential for a healthy mind. Children participated in various sports and activities, including running, swimming, wrestling, and discus throwing.
- Music and art: Music and art were also taught in some Roman schools, although these subjects were not as highly valued as the more practical skills of reading, writing, and arithmetic.
In addition to these subjects, some Roman schools also offered additional courses, such as law, medicine, and architecture. These courses were typically reserved for students who were planning to pursue careers in those fields.
It's worth noting that the system of education in ancient Rome was not as formalized or standardized as it is today. Schools were primarily private institutions run by individual teachers or tutors, and the quality of education could vary greatly depending on the reputation and skill of the teacher.