Early Greek Tragedy (7th - 5th Century BC):
* Thespis (c. 534 BC): Often considered the "father of tragedy," Thespis is credited with introducing a single actor who engaged in dialogue with the chorus, a crucial development in the evolution of dramatic form. Unfortunately, none of his plays have survived.
* Phrynichus (c. 510 BC): Known for his innovative use of tragic themes and his moving portrayals of suffering. His most famous work was *The Capture of Miletus,* which is said to have provoked such grief in the audience that it was banned.
* Aeschylus (c. 525-456 BC): The first major playwright of Greek tragedy. He is known for his grand and monumental style, his emphasis on divine justice, and his use of powerful imagery.
* The Persians: A play about the Persian defeat at Salamis. It's a historical drama with a strong focus on the consequences of hubris.
* Seven Against Thebes: A play about the legendary battle between the seven heroes who attacked Thebes and the city's defenders.
* The Oresteia (Agamemnon, The Libation Bearers, The Eumenides): A trilogy that explores the themes of revenge, justice, and the establishment of legal systems.
* Sophocles (c. 496-406 BC): Considered the greatest Greek tragedian, Sophocles is known for his psychological depth, his exploration of human nature, and his beautiful poetry.
* Oedipus Rex: A classic story of a king who unwittingly fulfills a prophecy by killing his father and marrying his mother.
* Antigone: A play about a woman who chooses to defy the law of the state to honor her family's beliefs.
* Electra: Another exploration of the themes of revenge and family loyalty.
* Euripides (c. 480-406 BC): Known for his innovative use of language, his exploration of social and political issues, and his focus on the inner lives of his characters. He was often controversial in his time.
* Medea: The story of a woman scorned, who takes revenge against her husband for his betrayal.
* The Bacchae: A play about the power of religious frenzy and the dangers of defying the gods.
* The Trojan Women: A powerful play about the aftermath of the Trojan War, focusing on the suffering of the women left behind.
Key Features of Early Greek Tragedy:
* Chorus: A group of singers and dancers who provide commentary and represent the opinions of the community.
* Tragic Hero: A noble and respected figure who suffers a downfall due to a fatal flaw (hamartia).
* Divine Justice: The plays often explore the consequences of human actions and the role of fate or the gods in human affairs.
* Catharsis: The purging of emotions (pity and fear) through the experience of watching the play.
These are just a few of the many important early Greek tragedies. To learn more about this fascinating period of theatre, consider exploring the works of these playwrights and their contemporaries.