1. Byzantine Greek and Roman law codification: Emperor Justinian I commissioned a comprehensive codification of Roman law, known as the *Corpus Juris Civilis*. This landmark work preserved and influenced legal systems across the world.
2. Administrative Reforms: Bureaucratic reorganization to improve governance and taxation efficiency strengthened central authority and state control.
3. Diplomacy and Alliances: Active diplomacy with neighboring states, including treaties, marriages, and military alliances.
4. Military Reforms: Reorganization and creation of crack infantry units like the Varangian Guard.
5. Monetary Reforms: Stabilization of currency, particularly through the issuance of the gold solidus.
6. Infrastructure Development: Construction and maintenance of roads, aqueducts, bridges, and other public works throughout the empire.
7. Urban Revitalization: Initiatives to repopulate and rejuvenate cities like Constantinople, creating vibrant centers of trade and cultural exchange.
8. Missionary Activities: Expansion of Christianity and cultural influence through missionary work in neighboring regions, particularly Eastern Europe.
II. Reforms
1. Land Reforms: Redistribution and regulation of land ownership, aiming for more equitable land distribution and increased agricultural production.
2. Judicial Reforms: Reforms to improve judicial efficiency, reduce corruption, and ensure fairer legal processes.
3. Education Reforms: Establishment of universities and educational institutions, preserving and advancing knowledge in philosophy, theology, science, and the arts.
4. Religious Reforms: Promotion of Orthodox Christianity and the consolidation of the Patriarchate of Constantinople's authority.
5. Economic Reforms: Regulation of trade, guilds, and commerce, aiming for economic growth and stability.
6. Cultural Exchange: Encouragement of cultural exchanges with other civilizations, leading to the assimilation and integration of various influences.
7. Technological Innovations: Adoption and refinement of new technologies and agricultural practices, such as the use of advanced irrigation systems and crop rotation.
8. Military Advancements: Regular military training, technological improvements in weapons and armor, and the introduction of cavalry forces.
The combination of these policies and reforms contributed to the flourishing of Byzantine culture, leading to achievements that influenced and shaped medieval and early modern civilizations in Europe, the Middle East, and beyond.