* Family Contributions: This is often a significant portion, particularly for students from wealthier families. This can include savings, gifts, and ongoing support during the studies.
* Student Loans: This is a very prevalent method, especially in countries with well-developed loan programs. These loans can be government-backed (often with lower interest rates) or from private lenders (usually with higher interest rates). Students typically repay these loans after graduation.
* Part-time Jobs: Many students work part-time during their studies to cover some or all of their expenses. This can significantly impact study time and academic performance, however.
* Scholarships and Grants: These are forms of financial aid that do not need to be repaid. They are often merit-based (academic achievement, talent) or need-based (financial circumstances). Competition for scholarships and grants can be fierce.
* Savings: Students may have accumulated savings from previous employment or other sources to contribute towards their education.
* Work-study Programs: Some universities offer work-study programs where students work on campus in exchange for reduced tuition or a wage.
The relative importance of each funding source varies greatly. In some countries, government subsidies make tuition significantly more affordable, reducing reliance on loans. In other countries, tuition fees are very high, requiring substantial borrowing or family support. The student's personal financial situation and access to support networks also plays a crucial role.