A crucial part of listening is being prepared. Before the lecture, make sure you have read all pertinent material. Go over previous lecture notes and consult the syllabus for any assigned reading. Make a list of questions in advance and listen for the answers. Understanding any previous material will better prepare you to listen to the current lecture and ask relevant questions. Also, be sure to arrive in class on time to ensure you can find a seat and get settled before the lecture begins.
During the lecture, it is important to practice active listening. A few simple tips can help you remain engaged and make sure you hear pertinent details. Listen for key phrases, such as "Today's topic is" or "To sum up," to help make sure you get the gist of the lecture. Make eye contact with the lecturer and try not to focus on their method of delivery. Listen instead for the content. Raise your hand to ask questions when appropriate. Remain mentally engaged and try to summarize key points as the lecturer speaks.
Before you can begin taking notes, you need to have a system in place. Beginning with the basics, you will need a pen or pencil that works (and a backup writing instrument) and paper. Some students work best by devoting a single notebook to each subject, while others find it effective to organize their notes by date. Determine the system that works for you and stick with it. If allowed, you may be able to take your notes directly on your laptop computer. Make sure you will not be tempted to play games or surf the Internet by opening your word processing program when you arrive in class and maximizing the window so you cannot see other applications. If using a computer, save your files regularly using a file name you can access easily later.
Whether you are taking notes by hand or electronically, you do not need to write down everything that is said. As you listen for key phrases, try to write down main points. Use a bulleted or outline form to take notes in incomplete sentences. Use symbols and abbreviations, but be sure to use them consistently. It is better to use commonly known symbols than to try to make up your own, as you are likely to forget what you meant. Put the main concepts in your own words. Be sure to copy down any notes written on the blackboard. After the lecture, review your notes for clarity and add explanations when necessary so you can use your notes later in the semester as a study tool.