How to Solve Tangent Problems on Circles

Computing tangents to various curves is a common problem applied in calculus and is a basic concept that is built upon for more advanced concepts. Circles are a scantly more advanced step since there are slightly different curve equations. However, the same principles that are applied in computing tangents to other curves are applied to tangents of circles. Simply apply the calculus formula that computes the tangent to a general curve equation to that of a circle with a given radius and a desired point of tangent interception.

Instructions

    • 1

      Assume the circle's center is at (0, 0) and, thus, has the simple circle formula of x^2 + y^2 = radius^2, where the x^2 notation is "x squared." Assume that the circle has a radius of 10 and the desired tangent at the x, y coordinates is (6, 8).

    • 2

      Apply the formula to computer the tangent to a curve, which is y - y0 = m(x - x0), where x0, y0 are the coordinates of the tangent point and m is the slope of the tangent line.

    • 3

      Compute "m," which is the slope of the tangent line, by deriving the equation x^2 + y^2 = radius^2. Using the radius = 10, the equation reads x^2 + y^2 = 100. The derivative with respect to x becomes 2x + 2y(dy / dx) = 0. Using algebra to simplify, this becomes 2y(dy / dx) = -2x, then dy / dx = -2x / 2y and finally dy / dx = -x / y. Hence, the final slope is found by inserting the x, y coordinates (6, 8) into the equation and solving to find -6 /8, which simplifies to -3/4.

    • 4

      Apply all the values that have been computed into the tangent formula y - y0 = m(x - x0), so y - 8 = (-3/4)(x - 6), which simplifies to 4y - 32 = -3x + 18. This equation then becomes 4y + 3x = 50, which ultimately reveals that the tangent equation as 3x + 4y - 50 = 0.

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