1. Education:
* Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN): This is a 2-year program offered at community colleges and some universities. ADNs provide a foundation in nursing, preparing graduates for entry-level positions. Graduates must then pass the NCLEX-RN exam (see below).
* Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN): This is a 4-year program offered at colleges and universities. BSN programs offer a more comprehensive education, including greater depth in science and leadership skills, often preparing graduates for more advanced roles and better career advancement opportunities. Graduates must also pass the NCLEX-RN exam.
* Diploma in Nursing: This is a less common pathway now, historically offered by hospital-based programs. These programs are typically shorter than BSN programs but still lead to eligibility for the NCLEX-RN.
2. Licensure:
* NCLEX-RN Examination: Regardless of the educational pathway chosen (ADN, BSN, Diploma), all aspiring RNs must pass the National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN). This standardized exam tests knowledge and skills essential for safe and effective nursing practice. Passing this exam is required for licensure.
* State/Provincial Licensure: After passing the NCLEX-RN, nurses must obtain a license to practice in the specific state or province where they intend to work. Requirements for licensure vary slightly by jurisdiction, but generally involve background checks and adherence to continuing education mandates.
3. Continuing Education:
* Continuing Education Credits (CECs): Most jurisdictions require RNs to complete a certain number of continuing education credits periodically to maintain their license. This ensures that nurses stay current with advances in medical knowledge and best practices.
In Summary: The minimum requirement to become an RN is completion of an ADN program and passing the NCLEX-RN exam. However, a BSN is increasingly preferred and often required for advancement to leadership roles, specialized areas, and certain employment settings. Regardless of the educational route, passing the NCLEX-RN and obtaining state/provincial licensure are essential steps.