* Rigor of coursework: Did you take the most challenging courses available to you? AP, IB, honors classes are important. A 3.5 in a challenging curriculum is far more impressive than a 3.5 in an easy one.
* Standardized test scores (SAT/ACT): While CMU is now test-optional, strong scores can significantly boost your application. Even if you don't submit scores, they still are a factor that many students *do* submit, creating even more competition for those who don't.
* Extracurricular activities: Demonstrated leadership, significant achievements, and passion in extracurriculars are crucial. CMU wants to see well-rounded students with unique talents and interests.
* Essays and letters of recommendation: These provide a personal touch and allow you to showcase your personality, experiences, and goals. Strong essays can make a significant difference.
* Specific program: Admission rates vary drastically between different programs within CMU. Some programs are far more competitive than others.
* Portfolio (for some programs): For programs like architecture or art, a strong portfolio is essential.
In short: A 3.5 GPA *might* be enough, but it's far from a guarantee. You need a strong application in all aspects to have a competitive chance. Focus on excelling in all areas mentioned above to maximize your chances. Research the specific program you're applying to, as requirements and acceptance rates can vary widely.