The biology laboratory seeks to learn more about the components of the living organisms, how they work together as a whole and the environment in which each survives. In a chemistry lab, students or scientists determine how one substance -- based on its structure -- reacts with another. They attempt to measure and express the energy required or output in a given reaction. Chemists seek to understand the bonds between chemicals.
The two labs reveal many notable differences. A biology lab's central instrument is the microscope. Slides, cover slips, stains, droppers and specimens are in plenty supply. Notable as well are the many tools for dissecting organisms: scalpels, trays, magnifying glasses, scissors and measuring devices. Tools in a chemistry lab include a variety of specific and precise measuring devices such as a mass spectrometer, which measures the mass atomic composition of molecules. Other tools assist in chromatography, specialized filtering and separating of substances. Computers assist in calculations and measurements. Of course, a chemistry lab would be remiss without a myriad of chemicals and beakers.
Scientists and students performing laboratory work study reference material to set up or validate their experiments. Each scientist records his findings in a laboratory notebook. This is an extremely important proprietary reference. Extensive literature and research material are found in a biology lab, as they are needed to determine protocols for setting up and performing experiments. Biological classification charts, books and keys assist biologists and students as they classify organisms. A prominent reference material in a chemistry lab is the periodic table of elements. Material Safety Data sheets (MSDS) contain important information about chemicals and their hazards. A chemistry lab may contain volumes explaining atomic theories, equations and experiments testing them.
Laboratory results are recorded in great detail in every branch of science. Background information, principle or theory put to the test, materials and procedure, precautions, findings, conclusion, cleanup and works cited are recorded in every lab. The primary difference between a biology lab and a chemistry lab record is in the expression of the findings. A biology lab will demonstrate findings with detailed diagrams and illustrations, whereas a chemistry lab expresses findings in equations detailing the reaction.