Naturopaths balance natural medicine with modern science. They concentrate on preventative medicine and a holistic approach to health, which emphasizes the mind-body connection. In addition, these doctors consider how people’s interactions with their environment affect their health. When patients are sick, naturopaths support the body’s ability to heal itself. The focus is on finding the cause of ill health rather than simply treating symptoms. Treatments include botanical (plant-based) medicines, nutrition, acupuncture, minor surgery, homeopathy, injection therapy, counseling, manipulative therapy and pharmaceutical medicines.
To become a licensed doctor of naturopathy (N.D.) you must attend a four-year accredited institution with a naturopathy program. Students have eight semesters of classes. The curriculum is structured with little room for variation. The first year requires basic science courses such as microbiology, anatomy, physiology and biochemistry. Specialized medical courses might be included, such as neuroscience, embryology and public health. Students also begin their study of alternative medicine with courses like Oriental medicine, the history and philosophy of naturopathy and hydrotherapy. Subsequent years introduce more traditional medical topics -- immunology, genetics, orthopedics -- and naturopathic areas like homeopathy, manipulation and nutrition.
Students take classes and have experiences with real patients concurrently. Basic clinical work can be introduced as early as the first year. Students are supervised in their school clinics. They also gain experience in community health settings such as hospitals. This additional work exposes students to a wider variety of patients. During the next three years, prospective doctors have hands-on clinical experiences each semester. Summers may be dedicated to working with patients rather than attending classes.
As of 2013, 17 states and Washington, D.C., had laws regulating and licensing naturopathic doctors. To become licensed, individuals must first complete a four-year program at an accredited naturopathic college. They must also pass the Naturopathic Physicians Licensing Examinations. The multiple-choice NPLEX has two parts. The biomedical section can be taken any time after completing all biomedical courses such as anatomy, physiology and immunology. The second section, the Clinical Science Examinations, cannot be attempted until after graduation. This component focuses on diagnosis and treatment. If successful on the NPLEX, graduates may apply for a license in their state. To maintain certification, states require doctors to obtain continuing education credits each year.