1. Legislation: Laws enacted by legislative bodies, such as parliaments or congresses.
2. Case Law: Court decisions, precedents, and rulings that set legal principles and precedents.
3. Constitutions: The fundamental legal document of a country, establishing the framework for the government and the rights and responsibilities of citizens.
4. Treaties and Agreements: International agreements and treaties between countries or organizations that have legal force.
5. Administrative Regulations: Rules and regulations issued by government agencies or departments.
Informal Sources of Law:
1. Customs and Traditions: Longstanding practices, customs, and traditions that are widely observed and accepted within a society.
2. Social Norms and Conventions: Unwritten rules and norms governing behavior that are generally followed by members of a society.
3. Religious and Ethical Principles: Moral and religious principles that influence legal thinking and decision-making in certain societies.
4. Public Opinion: The collective sentiment or consensus of the general public that can influence the development and interpretation of laws.
5. Scholarly Writings and Commentaries: Legal scholars, jurists, and academics can influence the interpretation and application of laws through their writings and commentaries.
In summary, formal sources of law are those created and recognized by official legal institutions and authorities, while informal sources of law are unwritten, customary, or socially influenced norms that can shape legal principles and decision-making.