* The nature of the felony: Some felonies are more serious than others and will carry more weight in the application process. Violent crimes or crimes involving moral turpitude will almost certainly be disqualifying. Less serious felonies (depending on the specific circumstances and the program) *might* still be considered, but it will be a huge hurdle to overcome.
* The program's policies: Each residency program has its own policies regarding applicants with criminal records. Some programs may have a blanket policy of not accepting applicants with felony convictions, while others might consider them on a case-by-case basis. You'll need to research each program's specific policies.
* Your rehabilitation and explanation: How long ago was the conviction? Have you demonstrated genuine remorse and rehabilitation since then? A strong explanation of the circumstances and evidence of positive changes in your life (e.g., community service, therapy, etc.) can improve your chances, but it's not a guarantee.
* The state's requirements: State licensing boards also have their own requirements and may have additional restrictions. Even if a residency program accepts you, the state may still deny you a license to practice.
* The timing of disclosure: You *must* disclose the conviction on your application materials. Failing to do so will almost certainly lead to rejection and could have far more serious consequences.
In short: Your chances of getting a residency spot are significantly reduced, but not necessarily eliminated, by your felony conviction. You should contact several residency programs directly to inquire about their specific policies, but be prepared for a difficult process. Consulting with an attorney specializing in medical licensing is strongly recommended. They can advise you on how to navigate the disclosure process and potentially mitigate the impact of your past conviction.