* The country: University admissions processes differ drastically between countries. The US system is very different from the UK system, which is different from the Australian system, and so on.
* The university: Even within a country, individual universities have their own specific requirements and admission standards. A prestigious university will generally have higher requirements than a less selective one.
* The program of study: Engineering programs often have stricter prerequisites than humanities programs. Some programs may require specific entrance exams or portfolios.
However, some general requirements commonly apply across many universities globally:
* High school diploma or equivalent: This is almost universally required. The specific name and requirements for this vary (e.g., A-Levels in the UK, High School Diploma in the US, Baccalauréat in France). The grades achieved are crucial; universities typically set minimum GPA or grade requirements.
* Standardized tests (sometimes): Many universities, particularly in the US and Canada, require standardized tests like the SAT or ACT. Some universities in other countries may require similar tests. The importance of these tests is decreasing in some places.
* Letters of recommendation: These are often requested, providing insights into the applicant's character and academic potential from teachers or counselors.
* Personal statement or essay: This allows applicants to showcase their personality, goals, and experiences, demonstrating their suitability for the program.
* Extracurricular activities: While not always explicitly required, involvement in extracurricular activities often strengthens an application, demonstrating well-roundedness and commitment.
* English language proficiency (if applicable): If the applicant's native language is not English, proof of English language proficiency (e.g., TOEFL, IELTS) is typically necessary.
* Specific subject prerequisites: Some programs require specific high school courses (e.g., calculus for engineering).
* Portfolio (for certain programs): Programs in art, design, architecture, and music often require a portfolio of the applicant's work.
* Auditions (for certain programs): Music, theatre, and dance programs may involve auditions as part of the application process.
To find the specific requirements for a particular university and program, you must check the university's official website. Look for their admissions section, which will outline all the necessary steps and documentation.