* Geometric: Based on mathematical principles, using shapes like squares, circles, triangles, etc., often arranged in grids or tessellations.
* Organic: Based on natural forms, such as leaves, flowers, animals, or other naturally occurring structures.
* Abstract: Non-representational, using shapes, lines, and colors without depicting recognizable objects.
* Representational: Depicting recognizable objects or figures in a repetitive manner.
The significance of pattern in art history varies depending on the context and time period:
* Cultural significance: Patterns often carry cultural meaning, symbolizing beliefs, traditions, or social status. Think of the intricate patterns in indigenous textiles or the heraldic patterns used in medieval art.
* Aesthetic function: Patterns create visual interest, rhythm, and unity within a composition. They can contribute to feelings of order, chaos, movement, or stillness.
* Technical function: Patterns can be used as a framework for construction, simplifying the creation of complex designs, especially in textiles and architecture.
Understanding the type of pattern used, its repetition, scale, and relationship to other elements in the design provides valuable insight into the artist's or designer's intentions and the historical context of the work. It's not just about decoration; pattern is a powerful visual language.