Linguistics is the study of language, and you can't study Spanish without studying its specific grammar, syntax and phonology. Syntax deals with how words are arranged, which differs between English and Spanish. For example, the word meaning "red" comes before the word "car" in the English phrase "red car," but after it in the Spanish phrase "coche rojo." Phonology deals specifically with the sounds of a language. A Spanish degree with a linguistic focus requires several classes addressing these topics, where a degree with a literature or culture focus may require only one such class.
Most Spanish programs require at least three classes that focus on Spanish literature. These classes cover a variety of literary form -- novels, short stories, poetry, for example -- from broad historical periods and regions. Pre- and post-1700 are common historical divides. Potential broad topics may be Spanish-American literature or indigenous literary works. Spanish literature classes also cover specific literary movements -- such as Modernism or contemporary short fiction. Some classes focus further on specific works. Most programs offer a class on "Don Quixote," one of the most famous pieces of Spanish literature.
You won't be able to get a B.A. in Spanish without taking at least one class that covers Spanish culture and civilization. These can focus generally on the cultural histories of Spain or of Spanish-speaking Latin American countries. They may also cover specific cultural periods, such as the Spanish Civil War, or specific topics, such as Spanish music, film or religion.
If you want to teach Spanish, you must also take classes that focus on how to teach the language. In addition to classes that teach you how to teach, a B.A. in Spanish with a teaching focus typically requires more linguistics classes than Spanish literature or culture focuses: You need to be able to understand Spanish grammar completely to teach your future students.