General biology courses provide an introduction to major topics of cell biology such as the structure and function of cells, evolution, genetics and molecular biology. Students learn about a variety of characteristics of human beings and many other types of living things. Carbon properties, functions of organic compounds, properties of water, thermodynamics, chemical processes and domains and kingdoms are among the various topics typically covered. General biology courses also place a large emphasis on different types of cells and their properties, function and processes. Students learn about the scientific methods and its components such as observation, collection of data and experimentation. General biology courses typically require a laboratory component to enable students to gain hands-on experience and use many different laboratory techniques.
General chemistry courses provide students with an understanding of a variety of chemistry topics such as chemical bonding, atomic theory, thermochemistry, solution chemistry and periodicity. Many courses also provide instruction on certain aspects of descriptive chemistry. A laboratory component enables students to gain a more solid understanding of analysis methods such as colorimetric and thermometric techniques. General chemistry courses also provide an introduction to spreadsheets and graphical analysis. Some general chemistry courses are divided into two separate courses to allow for in-depth instruction of specific topics such as radioactivity, kinetics, equilibrium reactions and transition metal chemistry.
Anatomy and physiology courses introduce students to the parts of the human body and how they function. Students learn about all body systems such as cells and tissues as well as the muscular, skeletal, endocrine, cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, reproductive and nervous systems. The chemical and physical processes and requirements for maintaining homeostasis are also discussed. Most beginning anatomy and physiology courses include a laboratory component where students conduct experiments on animals such as pigs and frogs. Some colleges and universities offer anatomy and physiology labs with a cadaver laboratory component to enable students to get a more in-depth understanding of the human body by studying real human cadavers.
Doctors commonly use mathematics in many instances throughout their practice such as diagnosing patients and understanding complex problems. One year of calculus or a combination of calculus and statistics is typically required for all doctors. Calculus courses introduce students to higher mathematical aspects using basic principles. Topics include graphs, functions, limits, area, derivatives and antiderivatives. Statistics courses introduce students to statistical reasoning and analysis of data. Topics include sampling distributions, proportions, probability and correlation.
Expository writing courses focus on the development and enhancement of descriptive writing abilities. The courses prepare students to master expository writing skills and apply them to scientific inquiries and medical practice. Students learn how to write in a logical manner and communicate persuasively in oral and written presentations. Expository writing courses also help students learn how to appropriately and thoroughly use resources.