Introduction to microprocessor systems courses generally familiarize students with the basic principles regarding the architecture, operation and application of microprocessors. Many classes entail lectures that address microprocessor programming, system timing, address decoding, serial, parallel and analog I/O, interrupts, and direct memory access. The courses teach students about the technological features of various microprocessor systems, assembly language programming, interrupt service routines and data processing tasks. Designed for math and science majors, the programs increase the skills of prospective electrical engineers and computer technicians.
Many microprocessor design courses emphasize the hardware and software programs associated with computer systems so students can learn to design their own systems. These classes teach students about hardware interfaces and the essential components of microprocessor systems, how to effectively write and debug software for embedded systems and how to directly interact with various peripherals in software. Many microprocessor design courses incorporate informative lectures and valuable laboratory assignments into the lessons. Lectures address important topics such as the architecture and organization of microprocessors, bus interface, I/O peripherals, memory system components and embedded operating systems. Labs for these courses typically enable students to gain practical experience as they install a microprocessor on a solder-less prototyping board, add memory and peripherals to it, and program the system. The labs prepare students to also use their knowledge of expandability to design larger microprocessor systems.
Many engineering and technology programs offer courses that cover techniques in microprocessors. Techniques in microprocessor courses are designed for prospective computer hardware engineers. These courses address contemporary commercial and research developments pertaining to microprocessors, and lessons generally discuss a microarchitectural-level review of basic out-of-order superscalar processor datapath, extensions and variations for the basic superscalar design, significant issues of power and reliability, and effective hardware and software techniques for improving and maximizing the efficiency of microprocessing. These courses also usually entail discussions regarding new and emerging ideas that are likely to influence upcoming developments in microprocessors during the next 10 years.
Many technical and engineering programs allow students to take history of microprocessor courses that cover the primary origins and significant developments that have helped shape the modern condition of microprocessors. These courses will usually start with companies such as Intel, the Japanese company that created microprocessing systems in the 1970s, as well as Motorola, the company that established numerous innovative developments throughout the history of microprocessors. Lessons also address the architectural differences between the two companies, evolutions that changed the architectural designs of microprocessing systems and the results of such changes.