Most employers prefer a candidate have a Bachelor of Fine Arts in graphic design. A bachelor's program requires both studio art classwork -- producing art in various media and methods -- and theory work such as principles of design, art history, marketing and media studies. Additionally, students pursuing a B.F.A. in graphic design are required to take the basic courses required for a diploma from the university, such as philosophy, psychology and history courses, providing a well-rounded educational experience.
There may be instances where an associate's degree or certification program will be enough to attain an entry-level position in graphic design. Most associate's degrees primarily teach technical skills and qualify the candidate to work as a graphic design assistant. If a person already has a bachelor's degree in some other field and is changing careers, a two-year program may be all a company requires for him to qualify for graphic designer positions.
As more tools of the graphic design trade are digitized, it is important for graphic designers to keep up with new technology. Designers must constantly update their software skills and knowledge to remain relevant in the workplace.
Graphic designers must design a portfolio of work to show potential employers. Students in bachelor's degree programs produce these as part of their coursework, but those in associate's or certification programs must take the initiative to make one of their own. Additionally, potential graphic designers must learn effective communication skills using both the written and spoken word, sales techniques and problem solving skills. While these skills can be learned during the formal education process, some outside learning may be required to enhance or augment the skills acquired in the classroom.