One of the common barriers to effective learning is problems with cognition, perception and learning. When in the classroom, students need a number of skills to perform properly: literacy skills, numeracy skills, organization, memory and comprehension. Some students, due to problems with perception and comprehension, are unable to learn effectively. Dyslexia is also a barrier to learning that falls within the area of cognition; dyslexic students are unable to conduct simple learning activities such as reading, spelling, writing and calculation.
A large number of sensory, multi-sensory and physical difficulties are also among the barriers to effective learning. Sensory difficulties may include temporary or permanent deafness or visual impairment in students. Due to these difficulties, such students are required to go to schools that are equipped with special tools to make effective learning possible for them. Some students also have physical troubles such as flawed hand-eye coordination. These disabilities act as a huge barrier to effective learning for the affected students.
Learning is a social skill, and one way to make it more effective is to conduct education through group studies and social interaction. Some students face problems while communicating with their peers and are unable to convey their messages. Poor communication and relationship with the teacher is also one of the barriers in effective learning. To be an active participant and effective learner in the class, a student requires the ability to listen and understand, speak clearly, respond appropriately and express his thoughts and issues logically.
There are a number of social, emotional, behavioral and psychological skills that students need in order to become more confident, motivated, independent and effective learners. Low self-esteem, lack of motivation and fear of failure are some of the emotional issues that act as a barrier in effective learning. It is also an observation that students with learning difficulties develop low self-esteem and low self-confidence. Due to these problems, students may develop attention deficit hyperactivity and other disorders that lead to trouble with concentration and focus.