How to Find the Center of Mass of a Parabola

Finding the center of mass of a parabola is a short way of saying finding the center of mass of a parabolic section of an object with uniform density. For convenience, this parabolic section is usually placed on an xy-plane so that its axis of symmetry lies on the y-axis and its vertex lies on the origin. Because of the symmetry, you know already that the x-coordinate will be 0; you need to find the y coordinate. You find center of mass in the y direction by using the formula ycm = (1 / M) S y dm, where ycm is the y coordinate of the center of mass, M is the total mass of the object and S represents the integral sign, and dm is the derivative with respect to mass. You should know how to integrate to do these problems.

Instructions

    • 1

      Write the function y = kx^2 to describe the parabola. Find k by using the information about the height and radius of the parabolic section. Rewrite the function with this new value substituted in for k.

      Example:

      Find the center of mass of a uniform bowl cut in a parabolic section. The bowl's height is 0.1 m and its radius is 0.1 m.

      (0.1, 0.1) is a point on the bowl. Plug in 0.1 for x and 0.1 for y to solve for k.

      0.1 = k(0.1)^2

      0.1 = k*.01

      k = 10

      y = 10x^2

    • 2

      Change y(x) to x(y) by rearranging the equation until x is by itself on the left side. This is because you are integrating over y, in the vertical direction, so you need to know the horizontal dimensions of each slice in terms of x. This is the same as dA, the derivative with respect to area.

      Example:

      y = 10x^2

      0.1y = x^2

      x = + and -sqrt(0.1y)

      Because the equation splits into two identical parts, rewrite it as:

      x = 2*sqrt(0.1y)

      dA = 2*sqrt(0.1y) dy

    • 3

      Set up the integral for the y-coordinate. Because you took slices of area with a uniform density, the dm can be rewritten as D*dA, where D is the density, and dA = 2*sqrt(0.1y) dy.

      Example:

      ycm = (1 / M) S y dm

      ycm = (1 / M) 2D*S y * sqrt(0.1y) dy

      The limits of integration are 0 and 0.1 (the height of the section).

    • 4

      Rewrite M, the mass, as an integral, using the same information as for the previous integral, but leaving out the extra *y.

      Example:

      M = 2D*S sqrt(0.1y) dy

      The limits of integration are 0 and 0.1 (the height of the section).

    • 5

      Write a ratio of the two integrals to take into account the 1 / M. Solve by integrating.

      Example:

      ycm = 2D*S y * sqrt(0.1y) dy / 2D*S sqrt(0.1y) dy

      sqrt(0.1) is a constant and can be brought outside the integral, so it cancels, just like the 2 and the D.

      y * sqrt(y) = y^1 * y^0.5 = y^1.5

      ycm = S y^1.5 dy / S y^0.5 dy

      ycm = 0.4y^2.5 / (2/3)y^1.5 = 0.6y

      Evaluate from 0 to 0.1:

      ycm = 0.06 - 0 = 0.06

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