Small length measurements were related to various body parts. There was daktylos, meaning the length of a finger, lichas, the span of a thumb, and pygme, from the elbow to the base of the fingers. Larger units varied in their origin, from haploun bema, a single pace, to plethron, the breadth of a Greek acre.
One plethron was the amount of land that could be plowed by a yoke of oxen in one day. It was also defined as a square of 100 podes (Greek for feet) on a side. For volume, the Greeks distinguished between dry and liquid measures. A choenix was a dry measure equivalent to one man's ration of grain. A cotyla was a liquid measure approximately equivalent to the modern cup.
In Athens, the basic unit of currency was the obol, a coin comprised of 0.56 g of silver. The obol was also used as a unit of weight, though its definition varied depending on region. In Euboea, it was the equivalent of 0.72 g in our modern system, and in Aegina, it was the equivalent of 1.05 g.
Sundials and water clocks were the primary ancient way of measuring time. Each day began at sunset according to the Greeks, and each year was named after the current ruler. Every year was divided into twelve months, with an extra month inserted every other year to keep the calendar consistent with the movements of the sun.