A claim is the main point of your argument. It is the statement you are trying to convince another person to accept. Other names for a claim are an assertion, proposition or a thesis. An example of a claim is, "You should use dental floss."
The grounds (data) consists of the reasoning, data and facts you use to validate or show your claim as valid and "truth." Frequently, the data includes some type of perception you have, which can be difficult to measure and suffers from bias. Some people are persuaded heavily by factual information while others will challenge it or react emotionally and try to ignore it. An example of grounds is, "Studies show flossing daily reduces your chances of contracting periodontal disease."
A warrant provides a link between the grounds and the claim, providing the answer to, "Why does the grounds mean your claim is true?" A warrant is a general statement that will apply to many claims and grounds. A warrant doesn't have to be a fact. It can be an assumption, a shared belief or something that is implicit and unstated. An example of a warrant is, "People don't want periodontal disease due to its effects and the costs to fix it."
A backing provides additional support for a warrant, since it may not be broadly accepted and needs to be defended. An example of backing would be to show the exact costs of periodontal disease at a typical dentist and to argue why that process is undesirable.
A rebuttal is an exception to a claim. For example, certain people might not benefit from dental floss such as those without any teeth or those who are using an alternative product to reduce the chances of periodontal disease.
A qualifier discusses the strength of a claim. For example, you might need to acknowledge there are other factors in reducing the chances of contracting periodontal disease but that flossing is still an important and significant way to reduce it.