How Bacteria Reproduces

Bacteria are single-celled organisms which, unlike multi-cellular lifeforms, reproduce asexually. This means that bacteria do not come in male and female forms, but instead produce offspring from themselves through self replication. This can occur in a few different ways and is why bacteria can breed so rapidly in some cases.
  1. Binary Fission

    • The reproduction method for most bacteria is known as binary fission and involves the cell splitting in two. The cell starts out by replicating its own DNA and sending a copy to either end of the cell. A protein known as FtsZ assembles as a ring around the center of the cell, slowly constricting it. This cleaves it into two separate cells with a new cell wall developing to close the new ends. The two new cells are exact copies of the initial mother cell.

    Baeocyte Reproduction

    • Bacteria such as stanieria reproduce slightly differently, starting life as a small circular cell called a baeocyte. This cell gradually grows until it reaches a stationary phase in which it just sits and replicates its DNA. Eventually the cell starts to divide internally and creates new baeocytes within the cell walls. The cellular wall around these smaller cells is called an extracellular matrix and it eventually ruptures, releasing the baeocytes and starting the whole process all over again.

    Budding

    • Bacteria come in various shapes and are often circular or tubular in shape, but some can be branched and have numerous arms. This type of bacteria reproduces in a different way which, unlike binary fission, does not destroy the original cell. Small copies of the original cell develop at the ends of the parent bacteria's arms and separate away. This leaves the parent still alive to produce even more offspring.

    Intracellular Offspring

    • Intracellular reproduction is a cross between binary fission and baeocyte reproduction. The FtsZ proteins segment small sections at the tips of the mother cell, breaking them off. These small buds are then absorbed back into the cell where they continue to grow internally. Once the two offspring have grown large enough, the mother cell expires and the new cells break out in the same way as in baeocyte reproduction.

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