While not the only work to explore this theme, "The Lonely Crowd" is considered a landmark sociological study. It argues that Americans in the post-World War II era had shifted from being "inner-directed" (guided by internal values) to "other-directed" (shaped by the expectations and opinions of others).
Riesman's analysis explored the pressures of consumerism, suburbia, and social conformity that characterized the 1950s, influencing how we understand this period in American history.