How to in-text cite when there is no author?

When citing a source with no author, use a shortened version of the title in place of the author's name. If the title is long, shorten it to a recognizable keyword or phrase. Always put the shortened title in quotation marks.

Here's how to do it, depending on your citation style:

MLA:

* In-text: ("Title of Work" 2). Note that the page number is still included. If it's a webpage with no page numbers, use a paragraph number (e.g., ("Title of Work" para. 3)) or a section heading if available (e.g., ("Title of Work," "Section Heading")).

* Works Cited: The full title is used in the Works Cited entry. Follow the appropriate MLA format for the source type (website, article, etc.).

APA:

* In-text: ("Title of Work," year, p. 2). Include the year of publication and the page number. If no page numbers are available, use a paragraph number (e.g., ("Title of Work," year, para. 3)) or a section heading if available.

* References: The full title is used in the References entry. Follow the appropriate APA format for the source type.

Chicago (Notes and Bibliography):

* In-text: A footnote or endnote is used. The short title is used in the note, and the full title in the bibliography. Example: ¹ "Title of Work," 2.

* Bibliography: The full title appears in the bibliography entry, following the appropriate Chicago style.

Examples:

Let's say the article is titled "The Impact of Social Media on Teenagers."

* MLA: ("Social Media" 15)

* APA: ("The Impact of Social Media," 2023, p. 15)

* Chicago (Note): ¹ "Social Media on Teenagers," 15.

Remember to always consult the specific style guide (MLA Handbook, APA Publication Manual, Chicago Manual of Style) for the most accurate and up-to-date instructions. These examples are simplified for clarity. Your citation will need to be adapted to the specific details of your source.