Here are some definitions of communication from different authors, highlighting the variety of perspectives:
Classic Definitions:
* Aristotle (384-322 BC): "Communication is the art of discovering ways of persuading people to do what is good." (While this definition focuses on rhetoric, it emphasizes the intention and impact of communication.)
* Lasswell (1948): "Who says what in which channel to whom with what effect?" (This model emphasizes the elements of communication and its outcomes.)
* Shannon & Weaver (1949): "Communication is the process of transmitting information from one person to another." (This technical definition focuses on the transmission of information, but lacks the human element.)
Modern Definitions:
* Wilbur Schramm (1954): "Communication is the process of transmitting information, ideas, emotions, and skills by the use of symbols." (This definition includes both the content and the means of communication.)
* Dean Barnlund (1970): "Communication is a transactional process involving participants who create meaning through the exchange of messages in a given context." (This definition emphasizes the dynamic and interactive nature of communication.)
* George Gerbner (1972): "Communication is the process of making meaning together." (This definition emphasizes the shared understanding and creation of meaning in communication.)
* Stephen Littlejohn (2002): "Communication is the process of creating and sharing meaning through symbolic interaction." (This definition focuses on the symbolic nature of communication and its role in social interaction.)
Contemporary Definitions:
* Dan O'Connell (2006): "Communication is the process of conveying information, ideas, feelings, and opinions to another person or group of people." (This definition emphasizes the range of content transmitted in communication.)
* Judee Burgoon (2010): "Communication is the process of using messages to generate meaning." (This definition highlights the central role of messages in communication.)
* Paul Watzlawick (1967): "You cannot not communicate." (This statement emphasizes that all behavior is communication, even if unintentional.)
Beyond Definitions:
It's important to note that these are just a few examples. The definition of communication can vary depending on the field of study (e.g., psychology, sociology, linguistics), the specific context, and the individual author's perspective.
In addition to these definitions, it's also helpful to consider the different types of communication, such as:
* Verbal communication: Spoken or written language.
* Nonverbal communication: Body language, facial expressions, gestures.
* Visual communication: Images, graphics, videos.
* Interpersonal communication: Communication between two or more people.
* Mass communication: Communication to a large audience through media.
Understanding the different perspectives on communication can help us appreciate the complexity of this essential human activity.