* Imagery: Frost uses vivid imagery to paint a picture of the vast and powerful Pacific Ocean. He describes the "great wave" crashing on the shore, the "whitecaps" rolling, and the "wind" howling. These images evoke a sense of awe and wonder, but also a hint of danger and uncertainty.
* Symbolism: The ocean itself acts as a powerful symbol in the poem. It represents both the vastness and beauty of nature, as well as the cyclical and often unpredictable nature of life. The "great wave" can be interpreted as a symbol of both creation and destruction, depending on the reader's perspective.
* Personification: Frost personifies the ocean by giving it human qualities. The wind "howls" and the ocean "sends its voice." This personification creates a sense of connection between the speaker and the natural world, as if the ocean is communicating directly with him.
* Juxtaposition: The poem juxtaposes the vastness and power of the ocean with the speaker's own smallness and fragility. This juxtaposition highlights the contrast between humanity and nature, and reminds us of our own vulnerability in the face of the world's forces.
* Theme of Mortality: The poem explores the theme of mortality, both directly and indirectly. The speaker's contemplation of the ocean's power and the "great wave" crashing on the shore can be seen as a reflection on his own finite existence. The poem also touches on the theme of change and impermanence, which are both closely linked to mortality.
* Free Verse: While not a strict free verse poem, "Once by the Pacific" departs from traditional rhyme and meter, giving it a more conversational and natural feel. This contributes to the poem's sense of immediacy and authenticity, as if the speaker is sharing his thoughts and observations in real time.
These are just a few of the literary elements at work in "Once by the Pacific." By employing these elements, Frost creates a powerful and evocative poem that explores profound themes of nature, humanity, and mortality.