Here are some common methods:
Direct Characterization:
* Telling: The author directly states a character's traits, personality, or motivations.
* Example: "He was a kind and generous man."
* Authorial Commentary: The author provides their own opinion or interpretation of the character.
* Example: "His heart was full of sorrow, a burden he carried with silent grace."
Indirect Characterization:
* Actions (What a character *does*): Reveals a character's personality through their behavior.
* Example: "He volunteered at the homeless shelter every week, even though he was struggling financially."
* Speech (What a character *says*): Reveals a character's personality, values, and beliefs through their dialogue.
* Example: "I'm not afraid of anything," she said with a defiant glint in her eye.
* Thoughts (What a character *thinks*): Reveals a character's inner thoughts and feelings.
* Example: He couldn't shake the feeling that something bad was going to happen.
* Appearance (What a character *looks* like): Can sometimes be suggestive of personality, though not always a direct indicator.
* Example: "Her clothes were always perfectly tailored, reflecting her meticulous nature."
* Reactions (How a character *reacts* to situations): Shows how they handle pressure, conflict, or joy.
* Example: He burst into tears when he heard the news, revealing his deep sensitivity.
Other Considerations:
* Character Relationships: How a character interacts with others can reveal their personality.
* Setting: The environment a character lives in can influence their personality and choices.
* Symbolism: Objects or events can be used symbolically to represent a character's inner state.
By combining these techniques, authors paint a vivid picture of their characters for readers, allowing us to understand their motivations, fears, and hopes.