* Phonological awareness: This is the ability to hear and manipulate the sounds in words. Phonological awareness is essential for learning to read, as it allows children to connect letters to sounds and decode words.
* Phonics: This is the ability to associate letters with their corresponding sounds. Phonics is also essential for learning to read, as it allows children to decode words and understand their pronunciation.
* Vocabulary: This is the number of words a person knows and understands. A large vocabulary is important for reading comprehension, as it allows readers to understand the meaning of words and phrases.
* Comprehension: This is the ability to understand what you read. Comprehension is influenced by a number of factors, including vocabulary, prior knowledge, and critical thinking skills.
* Motivation: This is the desire to read. Motivation can be influenced by a number of factors, including interest in the material, reading role models, and positive experiences with reading.
In addition to these factors, there are a number of other things that can contribute to reading failure, such as:
* Learning disabilities: Some learning disabilities, such as dyslexia, can make it difficult for children to learn to read.
* Poverty: Children who live in poverty are less likely to have access to books and other resources that can help them learn to read.
* Trauma: Children who have experienced trauma may have difficulty concentrating and learning, which can interfere with their ability to learn to read.
Reading failure is a complex issue that can have a number of causes. By understanding the factors that can contribute to reading failure, we can better identify and help students who are struggling with reading.