Do primary sources have references included?

No, primary sources do not have references in the way that secondary sources do. A primary source is an original document or artifact created during the time period being studied. It's the raw data, not an interpretation of that data. Therefore, it wouldn't cite other sources because it *is* the source.

Secondary sources, on the other hand, analyze and interpret primary sources, and thus *do* include references to the primary sources (and potentially other secondary sources) they used.

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