When to Use Parenthetical Citations
* Direct Quotes: Always use a parenthetical citation when you directly quote material from another source.
* Paraphrasing: You also need to cite when you paraphrase, which means restating someone else's ideas in your own words. Even if you change the wording, the original source's ideas still need attribution.
* Summarizing: Similarly, if you summarize a source's main points, a citation is necessary.
* Facts and Statistics: If you present a fact or statistic not considered common knowledge, you need to cite the source.
* Ideas and Arguments: When you use someone else's ideas or arguments to support your own claims, even if not directly quoted, you must give credit.
Key Things to Remember
* Style Guides: The specific format of parenthetical citations depends on the style guide you're using (e.g., MLA, APA, Chicago). Each guide has its own rules.
* Accuracy: Make sure your citations are accurate and complete. Include all necessary information (author, year, page number, etc.) as required by your style guide.
* Consistency: Be consistent in your use of parenthetical citations throughout your work.
* Avoiding Plagiarism: The primary purpose of citations is to avoid plagiarism, which is presenting someone else's work as your own.
Example (MLA Format)
"The American Dream has been a driving force in the nation's history, shaping aspirations and societal values" (Smith 12).
Example (APA Format)
"The American Dream has been a driving force in the nation's history, shaping aspirations and societal values" (Smith, 2023, p. 12).
Important Notes
* Common Knowledge: Facts or ideas that are widely known and accepted do not require citations.
* Personal Opinions: Your own thoughts and opinions do not need citations.
* Check with Your Instructor: Always double-check with your instructor or professor for specific citation requirements in your course.
Let me know if you'd like examples of parenthetical citations in different style guides or need further assistance with specific citation situations.