* Character portrayal: Many characters are satirized through their exaggerated behavior and beliefs. Lord Marchmain, for instance, is a caricature of aristocratic decadence and self-indulgence, his flamboyant lifestyle a target of implied criticism. Similarly, the superficiality and social climbing of certain characters like Lady Marchmain and Rex Mottram are subtly satirized. Even Charles Ryder himself, though the narrative voice is sympathetic to him, shows aspects of naiveté and self-deception that can be read satirically.
* Setting and descriptions: The opulent yet decaying settings of Brideshead and its surrounding environments act as a backdrop for the satire. The grandeur is juxtaposed with the moral and spiritual decay of the family, highlighting the emptiness behind superficial splendor. Waugh's descriptions often employ a detached, almost clinical tone that underscores the irony of the situation.
* Social commentary: Waugh satirizes the upper class's hypocrisy and moral failings. Their adherence to tradition and ritual often masks a deep-seated selfishness and lack of genuine faith. The contrast between their outward display of piety and their private lives reveals the hollowness of their values.
* Language and tone: Waugh's elegant yet understated prose style contributes to the satire. His carefully chosen words often convey more than they explicitly state, leaving the reader to discern the irony and implied criticism. The seemingly calm narration often belies the underlying absurdity of the situations and characters.
It's important to note that Waugh's satire is not simply mocking; it's infused with a profound sense of melancholy and nostalgia. He's not just pointing out flaws; he's exploring the complexities of faith, love, and the passage of time within a specific social context, using subtle satire as a tool to enhance the novel's overall impact and depth.