1. Rilke's unique style and voice:
* Sound and Rhythm: Rilke's work is characterized by its rich, lyrical language and complex rhythms. Translators need to strive to capture this musicality in the target language, even if it means making slight adjustments to the original meaning.
* Imagery and Symbolism: Rilke uses vivid imagery and symbolism to evoke complex emotions and ideas. The translator must understand these symbols and find equivalent imagery in the target language that conveys the same sense.
* Ambiguity and Nuance: Rilke's poetry often leaves space for multiple interpretations. The translator should be aware of this ambiguity and avoid overly literal translations that might restrict the poem's meaning.
2. The cultural context:
* German language and history: Rilke's work is deeply rooted in German language and culture. The translator needs to be aware of these cultural references and find ways to convey their significance in the target language.
* European literary tradition: Rilke was influenced by a vast array of European literary traditions. The translator should be familiar with this context and be able to integrate it into their translation.
3. The intended audience:
* Accessibility: The translator needs to balance the need to stay true to the original text with the need to make the poem accessible to the target audience. This might involve making certain stylistic or linguistic choices that would not be present in the original.
* Understanding and Appreciation: The translator should strive to create a translation that allows the target audience to understand and appreciate the beauty and complexity of Rilke's work.
4. Technical skills:
* Linguistic proficiency: The translator must have a strong command of both the source and target languages. They need to be able to identify subtle nuances in meaning and find the most accurate and elegant equivalents in the target language.
* Poetic sensibility: The translator should have a strong sense of poetry and be able to understand and recreate the specific poetic techniques used by Rilke.
5. Respect for the original:
* Fidelity to the text: While a completely literal translation is often impossible, the translator should strive to maintain the essence of the original text and avoid making major changes that alter the meaning or intent of the poem.
* Understanding the author's intent: The translator must attempt to understand the author's intent and motivations behind the writing. This involves studying the poet's life, works, and influences.
Ultimately, a successful Rilke translation requires a combination of technical skill, cultural awareness, and a deep understanding of the poet's work.