Here's how the poem illustrates this duality:
* Love: The speaker acknowledges the beauty and potential of America: "Although my songs of sorrow may be sung / I'll yet be proud to claim thee as my own." He is also drawn to the land's "sweet and bitter" ways.
* Hate: The speaker bitterly denounces the racism and injustice he faces in America: "I love thy rocks and rills, thy woods and templed hills; / My heart with patriotic fervor thrills." He resents the "oppression" and "wrong" he experiences.
The poem's powerful imagery and contrasting emotions show the speaker's conflicted feelings towards America. He loves his homeland but is deeply wounded by the discrimination he faces. The speaker's internal conflict reflects the struggles of African Americans during the early 20th century, navigating a society rife with prejudice and inequality.