1. Diction and Tone:
* Formal Language: Both Hayden and Wheatley employ a formal and elevated language, characteristic of 18th-century poetry. Hayden uses phrases like "the unyielding bond," "the fierce and terrible truth," and "the dream deferred," evoking a sense of solemnity and gravity similar to Wheatley's style.
* Religious Imagery: Both poets frequently draw upon religious imagery and symbolism, reflecting the religious context of their time. Hayden's poem includes references to "the Lord" and "the faith that moved mountains," mirroring Wheatley's use of Christian themes and concepts.
* Lyrical and Poetic Language: Both poets use vivid imagery, metaphors, and personification to evoke strong emotional responses. For example, Hayden describes Douglass's voice as "a sound that rose above the storm," recalling Wheatley's powerful use of figurative language.
2. Structure and Form:
* Sonnet Form: While "Frederick Douglass" is not a traditional sonnet, Hayden's poem still employs a specific structure, using five quatrains and a concluding couplet. This echoes Wheatley's use of formal structures, like her sonnets and heroic couplets, that were typical of her time.
* Regular Rhythm: Both poets use regular rhythm and rhyme schemes in their poems, reflecting the emphasis on musicality and harmony in 18th-century poetry.
3. Content and Themes:
* Social Commentary: Both poets address issues of social injustice, oppression, and freedom. Wheatley's poems spoke out against slavery, while Hayden's poem highlights Douglass's struggle for equality and his fight against racism.
* Personal Journey: Hayden's poem, like Wheatley's, explores the personal journey of an individual facing oppression, showcasing their resilience, determination, and ultimately, their triumph.
4. Voice and Persona:
* Elevated and Reflective: Both poets adopt a voice that is both eloquent and introspective, reflecting on the human condition and the societal forces that shape it.
In Conclusion:
Robert Hayden's "Frederick Douglass" is a poem that honors Phillis Wheatley's legacy by employing her stylistic elements and voice to create a powerful tribute to another significant figure in the fight for freedom and equality. His imitation of Wheatley's voice serves as a reminder of the shared history of Black poets who used their words to challenge injustice and inspire change.