Similes:
* "He was as pale as death." This emphasizes the boy's fear and illness.
* "The king was as red as a turkey-cock." This highlights the king's anger and frustration.
* "The king's face was as white as snow." This suggests the king's shock and disbelief.
Metaphors:
* "He was a king in disguise." This refers to Tom Canty's masquerade as the Prince.
* "The city was a sea of faces." This emphasizes the vastness and density of the crowds.
* "He was a prisoner in his own palace." This highlights the Prince's confinement and lack of freedom.
Personification:
* "The wind howled like a wolf." This gives the wind a voice and adds to the atmosphere of danger.
* "The fire danced and crackled." This creates a vivid picture of the fire's movement.
* "The city slept." This portrays the city as a living entity, adding to the sense of peace and tranquility.
Other Devices:
* Repetition: The repetition of certain phrases like "Long live the king!" and "God save the Queen!" emphasizes their importance and the rituals of the time.
* Alliteration: The use of similar sounds at the beginning of words, like "The king's crown...," creates a rhythmic effect.
* Hyperbole: Mark Twain sometimes uses exaggeration for humorous effect, like describing the king's anger as "boiling over."
Overall Effect:
The use of these literary devices in "The Prince and the Pauper" serves to:
* Create vivid imagery: The reader can almost see and feel the world that Mark Twain describes.
* Enhance characterization: Figurative language reveals the characters' inner thoughts and emotions.
* Establish atmosphere: The language creates a sense of time and place, transporting the reader to Tudor England.
* Engage the reader: By using these devices, Twain makes his story more compelling and enjoyable to read.
It's important to note that "The Prince and the Pauper" is a historical fiction novel, so the language is generally straightforward and realistic. However, Twain still utilizes figurative language effectively to enhance the narrative and create a richer reading experience.