* Original Research: These articles report on new data collected by the authors through experiments, surveys, interviews, observations, or analysis of existing datasets. They typically follow a structured format including a literature review, methodology, results, and discussion.
* Literature Review: They thoroughly review existing research relevant to the topic, demonstrating an understanding of the current state of knowledge and highlighting the gap the research fills.
* Methodology: They describe the methods used to collect and analyze data, allowing readers to assess the validity and reliability of the findings. This section is crucial for reproducibility.
* Results: They present the findings of the research in a clear and concise manner, often using tables, figures, and statistical analyses.
* Discussion: They interpret the results in the context of the existing literature, discussing implications, limitations, and future research directions.
* Peer Review: Before publication in reputable journals, research-based articles undergo peer review, a process where other experts in the field evaluate the quality, rigor, and originality of the work. This helps ensure quality control and enhances credibility.
* Citation and References: They include a comprehensive list of references, citing all sources used in the research and writing. This allows readers to verify information and explore related work.
* Formal Language and Structure: They are written in a formal, academic style, avoiding colloquialisms and jargon not commonly understood within the field. They follow a structured format with clearly defined sections.
Examples of places where you would find research-based articles include:
* Academic journals: These are periodicals that publish original research articles.
* Books (Chapters): Some books, particularly edited volumes, contain chapters that present research findings.
* Conference Proceedings: Papers presented at academic conferences are often published in proceedings.
* Government reports and policy briefs: These sometimes include research findings relevant to policy issues.
It's important to distinguish research-based articles from other types of publications. While a news article might report *on* research findings, it doesn't usually present the research itself in detail. Similarly, an opinion piece might cite research, but it primarily focuses on the author's viewpoint rather than presenting original data or a rigorous analysis.