There are three main normative theories of the press:
The libertarian theory of the press is based on the belief that the press should be free from government control and censorship. This theory is based on the idea that the free flow of information is essential for democracy and that the government should not be allowed to interfere with the publication of information, even if that information is critical of the government.
The social responsibility theory of the press is based on the belief that the press has a responsibility to serve the public interest. This theory argues that the press should not only provide the public with information, but should also promote and defend democratic values and institutions.
The developmental theory of the press is based on the belief that the press can play a vital role in promoting economic and social development. This theory argues that the press should use its power to educate and inform the public about important issues, and to hold those in power accountable.
Each of these normative theories has its own strengths and weaknesses. The libertarian theory is based on a strong belief in individual freedom, but it can sometimes lead to the spread of misinformation and propaganda. The social responsibility theory is based on a strong belief in the importance of the public interest, but it can sometimes lead to the suppression of controversial viewpoints. The developmental theory is based on a strong belief in the potential of the press to promote positive change, but it can sometimes be unrealistic about the ability of the press to influence events.
In practice, most democratic countries have a media system that is based on a mix of these three normative theories. The press is generally free from government control, but it is also expected to serve the public interest and to promote democratic values and institutions.