* Sentence Structure: Avoiding repetitive sentence structures (e.g., all simple sentences, or all complex sentences). Varying sentence length (short, punchy sentences contrasted with longer, more complex ones) creates rhythm and emphasis. Using different sentence beginnings also adds variety.
* Vocabulary: Using a range of words, avoiding repetition of the same words or phrases. This includes incorporating synonyms, stronger verbs, and precise language to convey meaning effectively. However, avoid overly complex or obscure vocabulary if it detracts from clarity.
* Paragraph Length and Structure: Varying paragraph length prevents a monotonous block of text. Some paragraphs might be short and focused, others longer and more developed. The structure of paragraphs – topic sentence, supporting details, concluding sentence – can also be varied subtly.
* Perspective and Voice: While maintaining consistency in overall tone, subtle shifts in perspective or voice (e.g., from formal to slightly informal) can add dynamism, particularly in longer works.
* Literary Devices: Incorporating figures of speech (metaphors, similes, personification), imagery, and other literary devices adds depth and interest to the writing. The overuse of any single device should, however, be avoided.
* Pace and Rhythm: The speed at which the narrative unfolds is affected by sentence structure, vocabulary, and paragraphing. Varying the pace can build suspense, create a sense of urgency, or allow for reflection.
The goal of variety is not simply to be different for the sake of it, but to enhance clarity, engagement, and the overall effectiveness of the writing. A monotonous piece of writing, regardless of its content, will quickly lose the reader's attention. Variety, used thoughtfully, keeps the reader interested and invested in the text.