Good vs. Evil: This is a classic theme present in most fantasy literature, and Tolkien explores it with depth and nuance. The struggle between the forces of good (represented by the Free Peoples of Middle-earth) and the forces of evil (represented by Sauron and his servants) drives the plot and highlights the moral choices characters face.
The Power of Hope and Courage: Even in the face of overwhelming odds, Tolkien's characters display resilience and unwavering hope. They fight for what they believe in, even when the path ahead is fraught with danger. This theme of courage in the face of adversity resonates deeply with readers.
The Importance of Friendship and Loyalty: The bonds of friendship and loyalty are paramount in Tolkien's world. Frodo's journey would be impossible without the unwavering support of his companions, demonstrating the strength found in shared purpose and trust.
The Nature of Power: Tolkien explores the corrupting influence of power, particularly with the character of Gollum. He also highlights the difference between power wielded for good (like Gandalf's wisdom) and power used for evil (like Sauron's dominion).
The Beauty of Nature and the Importance of Preservation: Tolkien's landscapes are vividly rendered and hold immense beauty. The story often serves as a reminder of the need to protect nature and appreciate its inherent wonder.
The Value of Tradition and Culture: Tolkien's world is rich with history, language, and culture. He emphasizes the importance of preserving these aspects of a community's identity.
The Journey of Self-Discovery: The characters in Tolkien's stories often embark on journeys that force them to confront their own inner strengths and weaknesses. They learn about themselves and the world around them through their trials and experiences.
The Importance of Sacrifice: The quest to destroy the One Ring demands sacrifice from many, including Frodo's own well-being. Tolkien explores the necessity of sacrifice for the greater good, reminding readers of the weight of such choices.
The Power of Language: Tolkien was a linguist, and the creation of Elvish languages and other tongues in his works demonstrates the power of language to create worlds, express emotions, and shape culture.
These themes are not always presented in a simplistic manner. Tolkien's works often feature complex characters and situations, prompting readers to grapple with moral dilemmas and consider the broader implications of their actions. This depth and complexity contribute to the enduring appeal of his work.