Cover:
* Board: This is the stiff, flat material that forms the front and back covers. It's usually made from heavyweight paperboard (like chipboard), which is laminated with cloth, leather, or other decorative materials for durability and aesthetics.
* Cover Paper: A decorative paper, often with a special finish, is glued to the board for the final look of the cover. It can be plain, textured, or embossed.
* Spine: The spine is the part that holds the book together. It's made of the same board as the cover, but it's typically thicker and reinforced with a strip of fabric or paper for extra durability.
Interior:
* Text Block: This is the stack of paper that contains the book's text and illustrations. It's made of printing paper, which can be acid-free for longer shelf life.
* Binding: The text block is attached to the cover with various types of binding techniques. Common types include case binding, perfect binding, and spiral binding.
Additional Components:
* Dust Jacket: This is a protective paper cover that is usually included with hardcover books. It can be made of glossy or matte paper with lamination, and it often features the book's title, author, and cover art.
* Endpapers: These are the sheets of paper that are glued to the inside of the front and back covers. They can be plain or decorative, and they help to hold the text block in place.
The specific materials and construction methods can vary depending on the book's purpose, budget, and style. For example, a luxury edition might feature hand-stitched binding, genuine leather covers, and gilded edges.