Individual Rights: Voltaire believed that all people should be entitled to certain fundamental rights, such as freedom of speech, freedom of thought, and the right to a fair trial. He argued that these rights were essential to human dignity and a free society.
Enlightened Despotism: Voltaire believed that the best form of government was an enlightened despotism, in which a benevolent and wise ruler would use his power to promote the welfare of his people. He argued that this type of government was more likely to bring about progress and prosperity than a democracy, which he believed was too chaotic and inefficient.
Separation of Church and State: Voltaire believed that the church and the state should be separated, and that neither should have any influence over the other. He argued that this separation was necessary to prevent the abuse of power by either institution.
Free Speech: Voltaire believed that free speech was essential to the progress of society, and that it should be protected even when it was offensive or unpopular. He famously said, "I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it."
Scientific Inquiry: Voltaire encouraged the pursuit of scientific knowledge, and he believed that science was the key to understanding the natural world and improving the human condition. He argued that science should be free from the constraints of religious dogma.