* Existentialist Fiction: The story explores themes of alienation, absurdity, and the search for meaning in a seemingly indifferent universe, characteristic of existentialist literature. Gregor's transformation and his family's reactions highlight the themes of individual isolation and the struggle for acceptance.
* Gothic Fiction: The story employs elements of the gothic genre, such as the grotesque (Gregor's transformation), the macabre (his gradual decline), and the oppressive atmosphere of the family's apartment.
* Fantasy Fiction: The central premise of Gregor's transformation into a bug is inherently fantastical, placing the story within the realm of fantasy.
* Social Realism: While not strictly a social realist novel, "The Metamorphosis" offers a poignant commentary on the struggles of the working class, particularly the economic and social pressures Gregor faces.
Therefore, while "The Metamorphosis" is often categorized as surrealist fiction, it transcends this singular label and incorporates aspects of other genres to create a complex and multifaceted literary experience.