Based on Real Events:
* Historical Fiction: This is the most common term if the novel focuses on historical events. Even though characters are fictional, the historical setting and events provide the backdrop and influence the story.
* Novel of Fact: This term suggests a fictional narrative with a strong basis in real events, but it's not as widely used as "historical fiction."
* Docufiction: This term is more common in film and television, but it can be used for novels that blend factual elements with fictional narratives.
Emphasis on Fictional Element:
* Speculative Fiction: This term can be used if the novel focuses on a "what if" scenario based on real events, allowing for imaginative liberties and fictionalized characters.
* Biographical Novel: This term is more appropriate if the novel focuses on the life of a real person, but with fictionalized elements and events.
Other Approaches:
* "Inspired by true events": This phrase is often used in the synopsis or on the cover of a book, but it doesn't specify the degree of factual accuracy.
* "Fictionalized account": This phrase explicitly acknowledges that the novel is not a true account, but is based on real events.
Ultimately, the best term to use depends on the specific novel and the author's intention. You can also consider using a more descriptive phrase that clearly explains the relationship between the novel's events and reality.