1. Realism: Don Quixote is considered to be the first novel that departs from the epic and romantic traditions of storytelling and instead presents a more realistic portrayal of everyday life. The characters are ordinary individuals with flaws and idiosyncrasies, and the events that occur are plausible and relatable.
2. Psychological Depth: Cervantes delves into the inner workings of the protagonist's mind, exploring the psychological motivations, delusions, and obsessions of Don Quixote. This emphasis on the individual's inner life was groundbreaking in literature at the time.
3. Self-Reflexivity: Don Quixote contains elements of self-reflexivity and metafiction. The characters discuss the nature of storytelling, the role of the author, and the blurring of reality and fiction. This self-awareness adds a layer of depth and complexity to the novel.
4. Parody and Satire: Don Quixote is known for its satirical treatment of chivalric romances that were popular at the time. Cervantes cleverly parodies the conventions of these romances, highlighting their absurdity and exaggeration. By doing so, he introduces an ironic and humorous tone to the novel.
5. Narrative Techniques: Don Quixote employs a variety of narrative techniques that break away from traditional storytelling. It includes multiple narrators, interpolated stories, and intertextual references, creating a complex and engaging narrative structure.
6. Influence on Subsequent Literature: Don Quixote's influence on later literature is profound and far-reaching. It set a precedent for realistic storytelling, psychological exploration, and self-reflexivity in novels. Many subsequent authors, including prominent figures like James Joyce, Franz Kafka, and William Faulkner, drew inspiration from Cervantes' groundbreaking work.
In summary, Don Quixote is recognized as the first modern novel due to its realistic depiction of life, psychological depth, self-reflexivity, satire, innovative narrative techniques, and enduring impact on subsequent literature. It marked a significant departure from earlier forms of fiction and paved the way for the development of the modern novel as a genre.