The reader learns about the mother through Scout's narration and the memories of other characters. For example, Atticus mentions her when discussing Scout's education, and Jem remembers her fondly.
Although she is absent, the mother's influence is felt throughout the story. Scout often thinks about her, wondering what she would think of the events unfolding around her. Additionally, the themes of compassion, understanding, and justice, which are central to the novel, are likely influenced by the mother's character, even though we never meet her directly.