* The Absurdity of Existence: This is perhaps the central theme of the novel. Meursault, the protagonist, is a detached observer who struggles to find meaning in a world that seems inherently meaningless. He doesn't understand the rules of society, nor does he seem particularly interested in them. His indifference to societal expectations, his lack of remorse for his actions, and his eventual acceptance of his fate all point to his belief in the inherent absurdity of existence.
* The Nature of Freedom and Responsibility: Meursault's detachment and his lack of remorse raise questions about free will and personal responsibility. Is he truly free to act as he pleases, or is his behavior predetermined? Is he truly responsible for his actions, or is he merely a product of his environment? These questions are left unanswered, forcing the reader to confront the complexities of human freedom.
* The Power of Social Conformity: The novel highlights the pressure to conform to societal norms and expectations. Meursault's inability to conform, his refusal to play by the rules, and his rejection of the conventional notions of morality, lead to his isolation and ultimately his downfall. This demonstrates the power of social pressure and the consequences of defying it.
* The Role of Justice and Punishment: The novel criticizes the hypocrisy and arbitrariness of the justice system. Meursault is condemned not for the crime itself but for his lack of remorse and his inability to conform to societal expectations. The novel suggests that justice is often more about social control than about true fairness.
* The Search for Meaning: Despite his existentialism, Meursault's journey is also a search for meaning. His indifference and detachment are not apathy, but rather a form of rebellion against the meaningless world he perceives. He seeks a sense of authenticity and a connection to something larger than himself.
* The Importance of Individuality: Meursault is a unique individual who defies categorization. He is not a hero or a villain, but simply a man trying to navigate a world that doesn't seem to make sense to him. His actions are not meant to be condoned or condemned, but rather to be understood as a reflection of his unique perspective on life.
Ultimately, *The Stranger* is a complex and thought-provoking novel that challenges readers to confront the existential questions of life, death, and the nature of human existence. It explores themes of freedom, responsibility, and the search for meaning in an indifferent universe.